Everything about Circumfix totally explained
A
circumfix is an
affix, a
morpheme that's placed around another morpheme. Circumfixes contrast with
prefixes, attached to the beginnings of words;
suffixes, that are attached at the end; and
infixes, inserted in the middle. See also
epenthesis. Circumfixes are extremely common in
Indonesian.
The circumfix is probably most widely known from the
German past participle (
ge- -t for regular verbs). The verb
spielen, for example, has the participle
gespielt.
Dutch has a similar system (
spelen –
gespeeld in this case).
In
Hebrew,
magdelet "magnifier", for example, the root is
gdl "big" (in the H-stem
hagdel "to enlarge") and the circumfix is
m- -et.
In
Japanese, some linguists consider
o- -ni naru and
o- -suru to be
honorific circumfixes; for example
yomu →
o-yomi ni naru (respectful),
o-yomi suru (humble).
In
Berber languages the feminine is marked with the circumfix
t…t. The word
afus (hand) becomes
tafus
t. In
Kabyle,
θissli
θ "bride" derives from
issli "groom".
Negation in
Guaraní is also done with circumfixes,
nd- -i and
nd- -mo'ãi for
future negations.
In
Hungarian,
superlative is formed by the circumfix
leg...bb. In
legnagyobb "biggest", for example, the root is
nagy "big" and the circumfix is
leg- -bb.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Circumfix'.
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